Development and usage of a water lifting device in agriculture Assignment

Development and usage of a water lifting device in agriculture - Assignment Example Several designs were tested before arriving at the present design. Most of the third world countries depend on agriculture to sustain their population and earn revenue through export of their production to other countries. Agriculture requires usage of water either from a river or through ground sources. Ground water being dominantly available requires specialized tools to lift the water to the fields for the purpose of irrigation. The present report focuses on development of a water lifting device that could a eco friendly without compromising on the economic parameters of design. The objective is to achieve a fairly good amount of acceptable proportion in the design of water lifting device with regards to sustainability. Two methodologies have been tested for the same. Use of naturally available sources of energy that can be renewed was made in the design of water lifting device. In areas, where sun light or solar power was in abundance, solar powered devices where used to power up the pumps that lift water. In cases, where animal and organic waste was in abundance, design of power sources that work using organic waste as fuel was utilized. Care was taken in arriving at the best combination of photovoltaic cells. ... Yield output of 50W per module at full strength of sunlight equal to 1000W/m2 Type Biomass energy powered pump Pump type Submerged pump with surface motor Pump specifications Suitable for testing conditions. 1kW capacity considered Biomass Electricity obtained from mini stations operating on organic waste as fuel Capacity of Biomass Depending on the amount of organic waste, capacity is determined. SECTION 3 Description of the Final Design: Two design strategies are tried out with regards to conditions prevailing in the testing areas. Two testing conditions were used. 1. Areas with surplus solar energy: 2. Areas with surplus organic wastes Help was solicited from FAO Corporate repository for arriving at design of the system. Section 3.1: In condition 1, use of photovoltaic cells was adopted, refer Figure 1 below. In both the cases, similar type of motor or pumps was used. Figure 1 An array of photovoltaic cells was used to provide sufficient power to run a motor of a specified capacity (look for specifications in section 2). Care was taken in arriving at the best combination of photovoltaic cells. Since photovoltaics are costly and the amount of investment that goes into purchasing the units defeats the very objective of cost minimization in the short run, photovoltaics developed from locally available sources with good output were utilized. Please refer to section 2 for output specifications. The design resulted in an environmentally friendly output as the source input used now is a natural one compared to earlier ways wherein fossil fuels were used and resulted in pollution. The design is economical as locally available sources of photovoltaics were used with higher output and lower maintenance. The

Classic Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Classic Airlines - Essay Example The airline industry is an oligopoly. Oligopolies are characterized by having a limited numbers of participants in a market structure that has a medium level of price elasticity. Since there are few competitors companies tend to react to changes in prices of other airlines. The airline industry has been in a cost savings mode for several years. Since 2002 the number of people working in the airline industry has been reduced by over 150,000 workers (Plunkett Research, 2011). The revenues generated by the industry in the United States are significant. According to the USTA the airline industry in the United States generated $704.4 billion (Plunkett Research, 2011). It would be in the best interest of Classic Airlines to increase its market share in the lucrative US travel marketplace. In the past Classic Airlines made the mistake of pursuing an aggressive price discount strategy. The results of the lowering the price strategic approach were not favorable. Drastic price reductions in an oligopoly place the entire industry at risk of a price war. In a price war all the participants lose due to the fact that the profit of the entire industry goes down. Internal and External Pressures Classic Airlines is currently facing a lot of pressures from different stakeholder groups. The company has stayed profitable, but its margins are extremely thin. Last year the company generated $10 million in revenues which seems like a nice figure, but considering the firm generated $8.7 billion in sales its net margin was very low. The net margin of the company was 0.11%. The industry standard net margin in the airline industry is 2% (Dun & Bradstreet, 2011). The shareholders of the company are putting pressure on the management staff to improve the results of the corporation. Due to the weak financial performance of the company the price of the common stock of Classic Airlines has been going down. One of the objectives of any public corporation is to maximize shareholder’s wea lth. The company also faces pressures from its customer base. The customers are not very happy with the company. A metric that illustrates the current situation the company is facing is the fact that the firm’s customer loyalty program has lost 20% participation during the last year and the frequency of purchases of the customer has also gone down by over 20%. One of the primary reasons the company’s financial performance has been weak is due to the fact that the company has lost a lot of returning customers. The customer retention rate of a company is a very important marketing metric. The company lacks the service elements, operations procedures, and marketing programs to satisfy the customer’s needs. In the business world the customer is the most important stakeholder group because companies depend on the customers for its revenues. A third stakeholder group that is facing pressures due to the current situation at Classic Airlines is the employees of the comp any. The firm is currently having major employee morale problems as morale is as low as it has ever been. When employees have low morale they lose their motivation and as a consequence their performance and efficiency suffers. It is important for the managers of companies facing morale problems to demonstrate strong leadership. The low morale of the employees is negatively impacting the customer service function of the enterprise. One of the critical positions in regards to customer service is the flight attendants. Their job is to make the customer feel comfortable during the entire flight. Objectives and Obstacles of Marketing Department The objective of the marketing department